Cliff Soper enlightened all on the challenges of climate change.  Always a keen interest of Cliff,  topic was enhanced by his reading of Dwynne Dyer's book, Intervention Earth.  Cliff provided all with some background knowledge of how energy was created and a review of our biochemistry knowledge (editor note: How many years ago did I learn about this!!).  He also demonstrated how we have moved from hunting to survive in the pre-industrial era through to the Industrial Revolution where fossil fuel began to be used for combustion and on to more modern times.  Since 1945 there has been a rapid increase in the burning of fossil fuels resulting in the large amount of CO2 that is produced.  Cliff shared his view of possible political and geo-engineering solutions and the extent of their impact. Many of them are not likely to happen (eg reducing demands), risky (marine cloud brightening and  solar radiation management) or very costly.  He discussed how we are nearing a tipping point in which necessitates further actions.  Obstacles such as greed, stubbornness, and general apathy hider the develop of possible solutions such as the use of nuclear fusion .  Cliff stressed that we only have 1 earth so we must engage in talk and action that will result in the preservation of earth for future generations. Many members of the club were keen to share their knowledge and experience on this subject and we look forward to further discussions.