Wild poliovirus type 1 and Circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus cases
Total cases
Year-to-date 2020
Year-to date 2019
Total in 2019
WPV
cVDPV
WPV
cVDPV
WPV
cVDPV
Globally
7
0
8
4
173
318
—In Endemic Countries
7
0
8
2
173
40
—In Non-Endemic Countries
0
0
0
2
0
278
Polio is caused by a human enterovirus called the poliovirus. Polio can interact in its host in two ways:
Infection not including the central nervous system, which causes a minor illness with mild symptoms
Infection including the central nervous system, which may cause paralysis
Less than 1% of poliovirus infections result in paralysis. The virus is most often spread by the faecal-oral route. Poliovirus enters through the mouth and multiplies in the intestine. Infected individuals shed poliovirus into the environment for several weeks, where it can spread rapidly through a community, especially in areas of poor sanitation.
The poliovirus consists of an RNA genome enclosed in a protein shell called a capsid. There are three serotypes of wild poliovirus type 1, type 2, and type 3 each with a slightly different capsid protein. Immunity to one serotype does not give confer immunity to the other two. Outbreaks of poliovirus were largely unknown prior to the 20th century. However, with improved sanitation in the 20th century, the average age at which individuals were exposed to poliovirus increased. With progressively declining protection from maternal antibodies, poliovirus infection increasingly resulted in paralysis.
Type 2 poliovirus was declared eradicated in September 2015, with the last virus detected in India in 1999. Type 3 wild poliovirus has not been detected anywhere in the world since November 2012.
cVDPV1 Circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus type 1
cVDPV2 Circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2
NA: Onset of paralysis in most recent case is prior to 2017. Figures exclude non-AFP sources. In 2018, cVDPV includes all three serotypes 1, 2 and 3. For Somalia: 1 cVDPV2 and cVDPV3 isolated from one AFP case. cVDPV definition: see document “Reporting and classification of vaccine-derived polioviruses” at [pdf].
Polio this week as of 05 February 2020
The WHO Executive Board is currently holding its 146th session at the WHO headquarters in Geneva. Among many others, polio is one of the topics of discussion, take a look at the report by the Director-General on polio eradication.
cVDPV2 confirmed in Kinshasa: a number of new cVDPV2s cases have been confirmed in DR Congo which may have significant implications on the current outbreak response activities. While none of the newly-confirmed cases are new emergences, the virus has now been detected in the mega-city of Kinshasa which is the first case in the city. See ‘DR Congo’ section below for more.
Summary of new viruses this week (AFP cases and environmental samples):
Pakistan: eight WPV1 cases
Democratic Republic of the Congo (DR Congo): five cVDPV2 cases
Somalia: one cVDPV2 positive environmental samples
District 5890's very own PDG Suzi Howe to celebrate her appointment as one of Rotary International's 2020-2022 Board of Directors. We're all extremely proud of RI Director-Elect Suzi because has worked tirelessly to improve our world, and she will continue to make a positive impact as a RI Director.
Dinner Celebrating her APPOINTMENT will be held Sunday, February 16, 2020 at the Palms Event Center, 15301 Gulf Freeway, Houston from 3:30 PM until 6 PM.
Wild poliovirus type 1 and Circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus cases
Total cases
Year-to-date 2020
Year-to date 2019
Total in 2019
WPV
cVDPV
WPV
cVDPV
WPV
cVDPV
Globally
4
0
8
1
168
302
—In Endemic Countries
4
0
8
1
168
40
—In Non-Endemic Countries
0
0
0
0
0
262
Polio is caused by a human enterovirus called the poliovirus. Polio can interact in its host in two ways:
Infection not including the central nervous system, which causes a minor illness with mild symptoms
Infection including the central nervous system, which may cause paralysis
Less than 1% of poliovirus infections result in paralysis. The virus is most often spread by the faecal-oral route. Poliovirus enters through the mouth and multiplies in the intestine. Infected individuals shed poliovirus into the environment for several weeks, where it can spread rapidly through a community, especially in areas of poor sanitation.
The poliovirus consists of an RNA genome enclosed in a protein shell called a capsid. There are three serotypes of wild poliovirus type 1, type 2, and type 3 each with a slightly different capsid protein. Immunity to one serotype does not give confer immunity to the other two. Outbreaks of poliovirus were largely unknown prior to the 20th century. However, with improved sanitation in the 20th century, the average age at which individuals were exposed to poliovirus increased. With progressively declining protection from maternal antibodies, poliovirus infection increasingly resulted in paralysis.
Type 2 poliovirus was declared eradicated in September 2015, with the last virus detected in India in 1999. Type 3 wild poliovirus has not been detected anywhere in the world since November 2012.
cVDPV1 Circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus type 1
cVDPV2 Circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2
NA: Onset of paralysis in most recent case is prior to 2017. Figures exclude non-AFP sources. In 2018, cVDPV includes all three serotypes 1, 2 and 3. For Somalia: 1 cVDPV2 and cVDPV3 isolated from one AFP case. cVDPV definition: see document “Reporting and classification of vaccine-derived polioviruses” at [pdf].
Polio this week as of 29 January 2020
It is with profound sorrow that the WHO announces the sudden demise of Dr Peter Salama, who passed away on 24 January 2020. Dr Salama contributed to polio eradication at WHO through his work as Executive Director of the Health Emergencies Programme and most recently as Executive Director of the Division of Universal Health Coverage – Life Course. Read more
Want to know more about the new cVDPV2 strategy and nOPV2? have a look at the newly released fact-sheet which provides a summary of the current situation and the new tool under development.
With the evolving public health emergency associated with the increase in new emergences of circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2, a draft decision has been made available for consideration by the Executive board. Read more
Summary of new viruses this week (AFP cases and environmental samples):
Afghanistan: three WPV1 positive environmental samples
Pakistan: six WPV1 cases, ten WPV1 positive environmental samples, four cVDPV2 cases and one cVDPV2 positive environmental sample
Nigeria: two cVDPV2 positive environmental samples
Democratic Republic of the Congo (DR Congo): two cVDPV2 cases
Somalia: three cVDPV2 positive environmental samples
Angola: 15 cVDPV2 cases
Ethiopia: one cVDPV2 positive environmental sample
International delegation of Rotary leaders visits Pakistan in support of polio eradicationMeetings with Prime Minister Imran Khan, Minister of Health Zafar Mirza and other